OVERVIEW TYPES OF YARN IN THE TEXTILE INDUSTRY

ARTIFICIAL YARNS

Polyester (PES)

Polyester is a synthetic fiber with a characteristic composition of ethylene (derived from oil). The chemical process that creates complete polyester is called polymerization. There are four basic types of polyester are fibers, filament, coarse, and fiberfill. Polyester is used more in the industry for the manufacture of products such as clothing, household furniture, industrial fabrics, insulation materials … Polyester have many advantages when compared with other types of fiber transmisson system is not hygroscopic, but absorbs oil. These properties make Polyester became a perfect fabrics for those applications against water, dust and fire. Low absorption capacity of Polyester help it self against the stain in a natural way. Polyester fabric does not shrink when washing, anti-wrinkle and anti-stretching. It is also easy to be dyed and not ruined by mold. Polyester is effective insulating material, so it is used to produce pillows, blankets, coats, and sleeping bags.

Polyester Partially Oriented Yarn (Polyester POY)

Polyester Partially Oriented Yarn, commonly known as Polyester POY is the primary form of Polyester yarn. It is also known as Polyester Pre-Oriented Yarn. It is the first form of yarn made directly by spinning Polyester Chips. Polyester POY is mainly used for manufacturing textured yarn. Polyester POY can be available in two luster: Semi Dull & Bright. Dope Dyed technology is used for making of colored POY. Polyester POY is mainly available in packed in cone as per customer requirement.

Polyester Drawn Textured Yarn (Polyester DTY)

Polyester (DTY) Drawn Textured Yarn yarn is obtained when Polyester POY is simultaneously twisted and drawn. DTY yarn is mainly used as a part of weaving and knitting of fabrics for making garments, home decorations, seat covers, bags and numerous different things. DTY yarn can be in Semi Dull or Bright or Triloble Bright depending upon the kind of areas of filaments.

Technical Properties of DTY yarn can be moulded in a few ways to make the yarn reasonable for its vast uses. Different heating techniques can be used to make the yarn set for particular use – 1 Heater DTY is normally woolly and more stretchable when contrasted with DTY with 2 Heater. Also the DTY yarn can be made with a several combination of Intermingle points – it can be Non-Intermingle (NIM) having 0 – 10 knots/meter or Semi-Intermingle (SIM) having 40 – 50 knots/meter or High-Intermingle (HIM) having 100 – 120 knots/meter. These knots are not actually the knots tied when two threads are broken yet they are the tangle knots created by heating pressure. These Intermingle yarns, also known as Interlaced yarn, are the replacement for lightly twisted yarns. Polyester DTY yarn can likewise be wound to high winds like 1500 TPM or 4000 TPM (twist per meter). Such twisted yarn can also be heat-set set to make the yarn for all time thermo-set the twist. Catonic DTY is another variation of Polyester DTY that is mainly used as a part of blankets. Catonic DTY is produced using Catonic PET Chips.

Polyester DTY yarn can also be obtained in different colors by the dope dyed technology or by traditional dyeing. Dope dyed DTY is generally packed on paper bobbins though Raw White DTY that will be used for dyeing is loosely packed on perforated plastic tube so that all the yarn can be effectively dyed when the bobbin is dipped in color. DTY is mainly produced in huge quantity in China, India, Taiwan, Indonesia and Malaysia and export around the world.

Polyester Fully Drawn Yarn (Polyester FDY)

Polyester FDY is the abbreviation for Polyester Fully Drawn Yarn. It is also know as Polyester Filament Yarn (PFY) or Spin Draw Yarn (SDY). FDY is mainly used as weft or weaves in making fabrics. FDY can be knitted or woven with any other filament yarn to get fabric of various different varieties. It is mainly used in Home Furnishing Fabrics, Fashion Fabrics, Denim, Terry Towel and others.FDY yarn is mainly available in 3 lustre – Semi-dull (SD), Bright (BR) having circular section & Triloble Bright (TBR) having triangular cross-sections

Filament yarn having trilobal bright lustre is widely used in making curtains, bed-sheets and carpets. FDY is available in Raw-white as well dope dyed. Dope Dyed FDY yarn can be used to make the colored fabric directly instead of making the fabric with FDY Raw-white first & then dyeing it. Catonic FDY is another variation of Filament yarn. Catonic FDY yarn is made from Catonic PET Chips.

Polyester FDY yarn can also be twisted to make Polyester Embroidery Thread that is widely used in sewing. India & China are the leading manufacturers of Polyester FDY yarn. Currently we are exporting FDY yarns from China, India, Malaysia, Thailand & Indonesiato various countries in the world. We have exclusive contacts with almost all suppliers & manufacturers from China & can get the best prices & quality. Polyester FDY yarn is available in below specifications.

Polyamide (PA) – Nylon

Nylon chemical called acid amide is Polyhexamethylen adipin, is the first artificial fibers produced from carbon, water and air.

Nylon is essentially a type of plastic derived from crude oil, after undergoing an intensive chemical process will create material strong fibers capable of scaling as good later in the fabrics.

Nylon is also known as polyamide, built out from the chemical reaction of carbon contained in coal and crude oil in high pressure environments and is heated in the temperature. The reaction produces nylon called condensation polymerization reaction to create a kind of large polymer as a nylon sheet.

Nylon fabric is the first in the world to be made entirely in the laboratory. This fabric is full of desirable properties such as elasticity and durability. However the production of this material was extremely complex.

Polypropylen (PP)

Polypropylen is a type of polymer is produced by Propylene polymerization reaction.

Polypropylene has high mechanical durability (durable tear and tensile strength off), quite firm, not soft like PE, not stretching length thus built into the fiber. Particularly likely to suffer tear easily when there is a cut or a small puncture. Transparent Polypropylen, surface high gloss for high definition printing print clear. High temperature PP than 100oC, waterproofing properties of oxygen, steam, grease and other gases.
With the above characteristics, the PP is used for packaging of a class contain food preservation, food, cereal. The PP also produced membrane forms the outer coating for multi-layer membrane waterproofing properties to increase gas, water vapor, created the high printing capabilities, and easy to tear open the wrapping (do have made available a separations) and create high gloss for packaging.

Polyetylen (PE)

Polyethylene is an organic compound (poly) ethylene (C2H4) group includes many links to each other. Polyethylene white, slightly in non-conductive and non-conductive of heat, water and gas does not permeate.
Polyethylene does not react with the acid solution, alkali, potassium and brom water. At temperatures higher than 70 ° C PE poorly soluble in solvents such as toluene, xilen, amilacetat, trichlorethylene, turpentine, mineral oils … Even at high temperatures, PE is insoluble in water, in the kind of fatty alcohols, acetone, ethyl ether, Glicerin and herbal oils.

Elastane (EL) – Spandex

Elastane, North American region called Spandex, in other countries known as Elastane, It is synthetic fiber. Elastane is a block Co-Polymer including Polyurethane và Polyethylene glycol. Urethane units form the simple paragraph, row leads connected together by force of chemotherapy to form fibers.

The elastane characteristic is high stretching ability; from 500 to 700% shape, keep long enough, some are wet, no electricity, no post or knot is light and smooth on the surface and easy to dye. The fiber ratio is high, but you can imagine yourself like rubber and sturdy.

With the above features elastane is used to make clothes with high elasticity or clothes that fit into the body. This is usually a kind of physical exercise clothes, sunscreen clothes, underwear, socks, socks, washing clothes… Make people more comfortable elastane hybrid fiber and other fibers (such as 80% polyamide (nylon) and 20% elastane) make suitable products.

NATURAL YARNS 

 Cotton 

Cotton fibers are made from trees – a very old plant varieties. In the apparel industry and processing people distinguish the type of cotton fiber’s length first, then to the smell, the color and the cleanliness of the fiber roll. Cotton thread as long as we have high quality.
Cotton fibers are natural fibers can absorb / waterproof very high; Cotton yarn can waterproof to 65% compared to the weight. Cotton yarn tends dirty and greasy, though can be washed clean. Skin-friendly cotton yarn people (not as itchy) and not create the risk of allergies to make cotton became an important raw material in the textile industry.
Cotton fiber is insoluble in water, when damp or wet will more supple when dry. Quality cotton yarn strength for grip, but not resistant to acid and may be microbial decomposition. Yet the ability to withstand termites and other insects are very high. Cotton fiber flammable but can be cooked in boiling water to sterilize.
The main use of cotton is the application in the apparel industry. In addition, cotton also is used as a component in the synthetic material.

Wool

Wool or wool yarn is a kind of textile fiber obtained from the wool and some other animals, such as goats, camels … The wool provided raw material for weaving, knitting, built the kind of sweater is warm coat items used around the world, especially the countries with cold climates. Len has some byproducts have curse from hair or fur, wool has the resilience and keep the air and retain heat well. Len burned at high temperature than cotton and some synthetic fibers.
They produce wool by wool fibers rotary tool together or braided into a fiber link. The quality of wool fiber diameter is determined by the bending process, productivity, durability and color, in which the fiber diameter is the most important quality to determine the characteristics and price.

Silk

There are four types of natural silk, mulberry Silkworm’s Silk is produced much constitute 95% of world production. Silk yarn was honored as “Queen” of textile fibre production though the production is much lower than with other fibres such as cotton, jute, hemp, … but it still occupies an important position in the textile industry, it highlighted the leading colors on silk fashion fad.
Principal characteristics of the motor and the motor speed is the length of the piece. Can fibre electrodes, affected by hot water, acids, bases, salts, metallic pigment. Cross-section filaments shaped triangle with rounded corners. Because of the shape of the triangle so the light can take on many different angles, silk seems natural sheen.
Silk is a smooth, thin fabrics are woven with silk. This type of silk is woven from the finest silk. Who can feel the smooth and sleek looks of lụa unlike the fabrics woven from man-made fiber. Silk Clothing very suitable for hot weather and numerous activities for easy silk sweat absorbent. Silk Clothing is also suitable for cold weather because of the poor thermal conductivity of silk makes the wearer feel warm.